Boot in recovery mode Debian/Ubuntu

mount -o remount,rw /

1.  Creating a USB version of a live CD — the boring option
With the current 'hybrid' Debian iso's it couldn't be easier.
THIS WILL WIPE YOUR USB STICK

 — START HERE —

a. Download the iso
Using jigdo is a good option. Downloading a business-card/netinstall iso is another, if you'll have a working internet connection available.

b. Plug in and mount your USB device and  find out the device name of your USB drive.
If it's mounted you can use
#df -h

rootfs                                                   93G   36G   54G  40% /
udev                                                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                                                   801M  980K  800M   1% /run
/dev/disk/by-uuid/..-10a350f85687   93G   36G   54G  40% /
tmpfs                                                   5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                                                   1.6G   52K  1.6G   1% /tmp
tmpfs                                                   1.6G  816K  1.6G   1% /run/shm
/dev/sda6                                               745G  183G  525G  26% /home
/dev/sdc1                                               2.0G  434M  1.5G  23% /media/XP-KOMKU

or

mount

../dev/sdc1 on /media/XP-KOMKU type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,fmask=0022,dmask=0077,codepage=cp437,iocharset=utf8,shortname=mixed,showexec,utf8,flush,errors=remount-ro,uhelper=udisks)

to list mounted devices. In my case it's an old 2 G usb stick I used to create a Windows XP installation USB device on.

If you prefer a gui tool, start palimpsest (called Disk Utility in gnome)
It will be something akin to sdb1 or sdc1 etc. That means the device name is /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc, respectively. In our case, it's sdc.

c. Unmount but don't detach the device
You don't want anything else writing to it.
 

# umount /dev/sdc1
# df -h
Filesystem                                              Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
rootfs                                                   93G   36G   54G  40% /
udev                                                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                                                   801M  976K  800M   1% /run
/dev/disk/by-uuid/..-10a350f85687   93G   36G   54G  40% /
tmpfs                                                   5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                                                   1.6G   60K  1.6G   1% /tmp
tmpfs                                                   1.6G  820K  1.6G   1% /run/shm
/dev/sda6                                               745G  183G  525G  26% /home

sudo su

And write (assuming that the device name is sdc and you are using the businesscard iso)

cat debian-6.0.3-amd64-businesscard.iso > /dev/sdc

Done.

e. boot from your USB drive and go through the same steps as for a CD.  
Plug it in, then start your computer. Hit F12 (or F10 or del or F2) during the bios start-up to select boot medium. Choose to boot from usb. Older BIOSes can't boot from USB.

Fonte: http://verahill.blogspot.pt/2012/02/installing-debian-on-usb-stick-live-usb.html

BIOS and UEFI: set it to AHCI

Reserve 10 percent for overprovisioning

General opinion used to be, that it's wise to reserve as much as 20 to 25 percent of the storage capacity of an SSD for such unallocated space. 

After the installation: noatime

7. With "noatime" in /etc/fstab, you disable the write action "access time stamp", that the operating system puts on a file whenever it's being read by the operating system. For an SSD "noatime" is much better.

You can do that as follows:

a. First make sure that you have installed the applications gksu and leafpad:

Click on the grey Ubuntu logo (Dash home). Query: terminal. 
Click on Terminal.

Type (or copy/paste): 
sudo apt-get install gksu leafpad

Press Enter and submit your password. Please note that the password will remain invisible, not even asterisks will show, which is normal.

b. Then type in the terminal (use copy/paste):
gksudo leafpad /etc/fstab

Press Enter.

c. Now add "noatime" to the line for your root partition and your other Linux partitions. Not to the line for the swap partition!

An adapted line may look like this:
UUID=f0ae2c59-83d2-42e7-81c4-2e870b6b255d   /   ext4 noatime,errors=remount-ro   0   1

Note: this is one line, not two! It might appear to be two lines (dependent on your screen size), because of the length of the line.

Incompleto

Fonte: https://sites.google.com/site/easylinuxtipsproject/ssd

Configuration

xorg.conf Basics

Open your xorg.conf for editing in any text editor (gedit is used in this example):

gksu gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Now change/add the Driver line in the Device section.

Section "Device"
        ...     #Other directives here
        Driver   "radeon"
        Option   "DRI" "on"   #this is the default in recent radeonhd versions
        Option   "AccelMethod" "EXA" #this is the default in recent radeonhd versions
EndSection

HDMI Audio

By default, HDMI audio is disabled. In the Device section of your xorg.conf, you'll need to add the following lines:

        Option "Audio" "true"
        Option "HDMI" "all"

Power Management

The GPU should automatically drop to low-power mode when the video signal is disabled (i.e. when the monitor turns itself off using DPMS after a specified amount of idle time). You can check/change your DPMS settings on-the-fly with the xset command and you can statically set the appropriate options in xorg.conf. Please read the appropriate man pages (xset and xorg.conf) for more information on that topic. At this time, full dynamic control of clocks and voltages (i.e. ATI PowerPlay) is not implemented in the open-source drivers. However, one can force the GPU to low-power mode at all times by adding the following line in the Device section of xorg.conf:

        Option "ForceLowPowerMode" "true"

Exemplo:

 ###—— https://wiki.debian.org/AtiHowTo ——-

Option "AccelDFS"   "1"

Fonte: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RadeonHD

 Identifying Your Graphics Chip

First, check your graphic card name and chipset:

sudo update-pciids #optional command, requires internet
lspci -nn | grep VGA

It should report something like this for your graphics card:

01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RV710 [Radeon HD 4550]

Testing The Driver

To look for boot messages/errors, check

dmesg | egrep 'drm|radeon'

To see your OpenGL information, you can run the commands below. Make sure your OpenGL renderer string does not say "software rasterizer" or "llvmpipe" because that would mean you have no 3D hardware acceleration:

sudo apt-get install mesa-utils
LIBGL_DEBUG=verbose glxinfo

 Typically, the following manual commands will properly uninstall -fglrx:

   sudo apt-get remove –purge xorg-driver-fglrx fglrx*

Fonte: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Troubleshooting/VideoDriverDetection#Problem:_Need_to_purge_-fglrx

Recommended configuration for X.org

  sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core
  sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

Boot into recovery mode and select Root Shell. Then run:

X -configure

Then:

cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Reboot and you can edit the new Xorg.conf.

Next Step

Fonte: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RadeonDriver

sudo apt-get install nagios3 nagios-nrpe-plugin

sudo htpasswd /etc/nagios3/htpasswd.users steve

Fonte https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/serverguide/nagios.html

A comprehensive list of commands needed when using Debian/Ubuntu:

Command privileges.

    sudo command – run command as root
    sudo su – root shell open
    sudo su user – open shell as a user
    sudo -k – forget your password sudo
    gksudo command – sudo visual dialog (GNOME)
    kdesudo command – sudo visual dialog (KDE)
    sudo visudo – edit / etc / sudoers
    gksudo nautilus – root file manager (GNOME)
    kdesudo konqueror – root file manager (KDE)
    passwd – change your password

Command Network

    ifconfig – displays information network
    iwconfig – displays information from wireless
    sudo iwlist scan – scan wireless networks
    sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart – reset the network
    (file) /etc/network/interfaces – manual configuration
    ifup interface – bring online interface
    ifdown interface – disable interface

Commands Display

    sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart – reset X (Gnome)
    sudo /etc/init.d/kdm restart – reset X (KDE)
    (file) /etc/X11/xorg.conf – show Configuration
    sudo dpkg-reconfigure – reconfigure xserver-xorg-phigh – reset configuration X
    Ctrl+Alt+Bksp – X display reset if frozen
    Ctrl+Alt+FN – switch to tty N
    Ctrl+Alt+F7 – switch back to X display

Commands Service System.

    start service – service to start work (Upstart)
    stop service – service to stop working (Upstart)
    status service – check if service is running (Upstart)
    /etc/init.d/service start – start service (SysV)
    /etc/init.d/service stop – stop service (SysV)
    /etc/init.d/service status – check service (SysV)
    /etc/init.d/service restart – reset service (SysV)
    runlevel – get current runlevel

Commands for Firewall.

    ufw enable – turn on the firewall
    ufw disable – turn off the firewall
    ufw default allow – allow all connections by default
    ufw default deny – drop all connections by default
    ufw status – current rules and
    ufw allow port – to allow traffic on port
    ufw deny port – port block
    ufw deny from ip – ip block

Command System.

    lsb_release -a – get the version of Ubuntu
    uname -r – get kernel version
    uname -a – get all the information kernel

Commands for Package Manager.

    apt-get update – refresh updates available
    apt-get upgrade – update all packages
    apt-get dist-upgrade – version update
    apt-get install pkg – installing pkg
    apt-get remove pkg – uninstall pkg
    apt-get autoremove – removing packages obsotletos
    apt-get -f install – try to fix packages
    dpkg –configure -a – try to fix a broken package
    dpkg -i pkg.deb – install file pkg.deb
    (file) /etc/apt/sources.list – list of repositories APT

Special Packages For commands.

    ubuntu-desktop – Setting the standard Ubuntu
    kubuntu-desktop – KDE Desktop
    xubuntu-desktop – desktop XFCE
    ubuntu-minimal – core earnings Ubuntu
    ubuntu-standard – the standard utilities Ubuntu
    ubuntu-restricted-extras – not free, but useful
    kubuntu-restricted-extras – ditto KDE
    xubuntu-restricted-extras – ditto XFCE
    build-essential – packages used to compile
    linux-image-generic – latest generic kernel image
    linux-headers-generic – latest headlines

Applications commands.

    nautilus – File Manager (GNOME)
    dolphin – File Manager (KDE)
    konqueror – Web browser (KDE)
    kate – text editor (KDE)
    gedit – text editor (GNOME)

Credits Nikesh Jauhari

Following the article on NSA and the Prism program , alternatives can be considered using other cyber-corporations.

1) Replace Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, AOL, Facebook, Paltalk, Apple services that are:

Your email correspondence
your friends, your interests and your opinions centers (social networks, RSS feeds)
your research on the internet (search engine)
your documents (cloud)
your internet navigation
your home (Street View, etc.)
your bank details (Google Play, etc.)
your telephone number (Recovery Account)
your travels and your location (Latitude, Map)
your calendar
videos and music (Youtube, Google Music)
your blog (Blogger, …)
data from your mobile phone (Android Apps …)
and soon your life IRL (Google Glasses, …)
etc …

We can use:

Mail: Zoho or mail.opera
Calendar: Zoho
Contacts: Zoho or mail.opera.com
Docs: Zoho
RSS: Feedly
Drive: DropBox
Search: DuckDuckGo , Startpage , Orange
Map: OpenStreetMap
iGoogle: portal.opera.com
Google Music or other: Grooveshark
Youtube: Vimeo , Dailymotion
Internet Browser: Firefox and managing bookmarks Xmarks and Delicious
Google Alert: Talk Walker Alert

Do not use Google+, Facebook, Instagram, … Prefer Twitter
Instant Messaging (Skype, AOL, …): Brosix
Blog: Transfer your blog (Blogger, …) on an independent business as OverBlog or create your own blog ( WordPress , Joomla , …)

OS: Linux , Unix , …
Changes will be made with the new platform to limit OverBlog see not use these companies.
If everyone does not use these companies, they will have more interest to exist. Other companies will resume over by redeeming but it is up to us afterwards to change our habits.

Revivall
Source: http://www.revivall.org/article-des-…118349976.html and here

More info: http://techsplurge.com/16192/protect-online-privacy-prism-nifty-tools/